CCCCC AA RRRRR OOOO LL II NN N AA CC AA A RR R OO O LL II NNN N AA A CC AA A RRRRR OO O LL II NN N N AA A CC AAAAAA RR R OO O LL II NN NN AAAAAA CCCCC AA A RR R OOOO LLLLLL II NN N AA A STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Smetanovo nabr. 6 110 01 Prague 1 Czech Republic e-mail: CAROLINA@mbox.fsv.cuni.cz tel: (+4202) 22112252, fax: (+4202) 24810987 *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* C A R O L I N A No 352, Friday, November 19, 1999. FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (November 10 - November 17) Leaders of 1989 Celebrate November 17 Anniversary in Prague Mikhail Gorbachov, George Bush, Helmut Kohl, Margaret Thatcher, Lech Walesa and Danielle Mitterrand commemorated the 10th anniversary of the student demonstration in Prague which led to the fall of communism. The guests were the very ones responsible for taking down the Iron Curtain and establishing democracy in former Soviet Union satellites. The guests arrived in Prague November 16. During individual audiences with President Vaclav Havel, each was invited to dinner at the Hapsburg Salon of Prague Castle. On November 17 the guests visited a special session of the Science Council of Charles University, Czech Technical University and the Czech Association of the Freedom Fighters. The session was also attended by Havel and other celebrities. The College of Humanities (Filozoficka fakulta) Dean Frantisek Vrhel awarded Bush an honorary doctorate and the Czech Technical University Rector Karel Zuna gave Bush a medal. Charles University Rector Karel Maly said in his speech that the changes begun by students 10 years ago have not finished yet, and Czechs must yet still work on the democratization of the country. Bush recalled his first visit to Prague on November 17, 1990, which left a great impression on him. Bush also appreciated the fact that the former Czechoslovakia was able to create a military unit quickly enough to help the West during the Gulf War. Bush and Havel then departed for the Slavia Cafe, where they joined other foreign guests to meet the Czech political leadership - Senate Chairwoman Libuse Benesova, Chamber of Deputies Chairman Vaclav Klaus and Prime Minister Milos Zeman. After laying flowers in the archway on National Avenue (Narodni trida, the site where students were attacked by the police) the guests spoke at the conference 10 Years After - on the Threshold of the New Millenium (see below). In the evening, Havel decorated all the guests with the Order of the White Lion, the highest state honor, to express gratitude for their great influence in dismantling the totalitarian regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. Martin Rusek/Ondrej Maly Gorbachov Wanted 1968 Leaders to Rule after 1989 Mikhail Gorbachev admitted he wanted representatives of the Prague Spring of 1968 to rule Czechoslovakia in days of November 1989, but he fully respected the citizens' will to support independent opposition. His comments were part of the conference 10 Years After - on the Threshhold of the New Millenium, which was held by the Institute for the Study of the East and West and Society 89 (Spolecnost 89). It was moderated by well known journalist Timothy Garton Ash. President Vaclav Havel agreed that there was antipathy toward the reform communists of 1968. Margaret Thatcher said people in former communist countries must learn to decide for themselves and take responsibility. She called for spreading democracy to countries where people still do not live in freedom. Gorbachov did not agree, warning against efforts to spread an ideological model. Nations should be given the possibility to decide for themselves, he said. Lech Walesa called for the creation of something similar to the Marshall Plan and said it was necessary for post-communist states to unite. Havel argued that nothing like the Marshall Plan is needed. Danielle Mitterrand's speech was about something else entirely, as she said Europe is now threatened by another totalitarianism, not ideological, but commercial. Martin Rusek/Ondrej Maly Former Student Leaders Meet Their Descendants Charles University students met their predecessors who started the strikes of Prague universities 10 years ago during the so-called Velvet Revolution. The College of Humanities' crowded auditorium listened to Marek Benda (in 1989 a student of the School of Mathematics and Physics), Jan Bubenik (Medical School), Vlastimil Jezek (College of Humanities), Martin Mejstrik (School of Dramatic Arts), Monika Pajerova (College of Humanities) and Pavel Zacek (School of Journalism). The opening speech was made by Olrich Zacal and Jaroslav Svoboda, members of the Prague Academic Club of 1948, an organization of students dismissed from their universities after the communist coup in February 1948. Both men described the brutal police attack on a peaceful march of pro-democratic students to Prague Castle February 25, 1948 and criticized the fact that many communist crimes have still not been punished. The appearance of the November 1989 strike organizers proceeded, at first, in a very pleasant, nostalgic spirit. All the speakers admitted they were afraid that the communist Government would use force to clamp down on their movement, but most of the time they recalled humorous stories. Even when they noted that not all students behaved as bravely as they did, there was no resentment in their voice. Only former students of the College of Humanities pointed out that their school still employs teachers who had been on more than friendly terms with the totalitarian regime. The current faculty was also the target of a comment that it was represented at the meeting as minimally as 10 years ago. The atmosphere in the auditorium rapidly changed during the open discussion. Current students were more interested in current political affairs than in old memories, some of them voiced extreme dissatisfaction to the auditorium's applause. Criticism of the political scene's stagnancy, the decline of civic morality and insufficient indictment of communism fell on the head of Benda, who is now a deputy in the Chamber of Deputies representing the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). He tried to defend his party's stance, but when even his friends on the dais began to attack him, he excused himself and left the hall with a long face for another event. Shortly afterwards, the dignified questions started to become aggressive and organizers ended the otherwise inspiring discussion. Simon Dominik/Simon Dominik Winston Churchill's Statue Unveiled in Prague A copy of the statue of Sir Winston Churchill standing in London's Parliament Square, was unveiled in Prague November 17. The statue was placed in Winston Churchill Square in Prague's Zizkov district; among the guests were former British Prime Minister Baroness Margaret Thatcher, Czech Chamber of Deputies Chairman Vaclav Klaus and Churchill's grandson Rupert Soames. Iva Potrebova/Simon Dominik Commanders of November 17, 1989, Brutal Police Attack Still Free Although some 30 policemen of the former National Security Corps (SNB) involved in the brutal attack on student demonstrators on National Avenue (Narodni trida) in 1989 have already been sentenced, their commanders are still free. Michal Danisovic, commander of the November 17 police activity, was sentenced in May to three and a half years in prison by a court in Tabor. However, he immediately appealed to the High Court in Prague. The date of his appeal has not been set. A similar situation obtains for SNB unit commander Bedrich Houbal, sentenced to three years of probation and awaiting appeal. Miroslav Stepan, then-Communist Party boss in Prague, was politically responsible for the police attack, also connected to several people from the Interior Ministry, e.g. Alojz Lorenc, Frantisek Kincl and Karel Vykypel. All have been sentenced - not because of the attack, but for illegally persecuting dissidents before November 1989. While Stepan, Kincl and Vykypel served their terms and were released from prison, Lorenc refused to go to jail in the Czech Republic, using his Slovak citizenship after the division of Czechoslovakia. Martin Rusek/Veronika Hankusova Action 99 Asks For Investigation of November 1989 Events Signatories of Action 99 (Akce 99) want to open discussions about the events of the November 17, 1989. Among the 74 signatories is Petr Cibulka, who leaked the unofficial list of secret police (StB) collaborators, Stanislav Stransky, chairman of the Association of Czech Political Prisoners and Antonin Dusek, head of Civic Self-Defence Association. Signatories say the events of 1989 did not defeat bolshevism in Czechoslovakia, but rather Communist Party and secret police leaders simply moved into top positions in the new regime. Martin Rusek/Veronika Hankusova Social Democrats Remain Alone in Government The ruling Social Democrats withstood efforts to reconstruct the Government at a meeting of the leaders of the Social Democrats, the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), the Freedom Union (US) and the Christian Democrats (KDU-CSL) November 13. After one month of negotiations (a similar meeting was initiated by ODS October 8), ODS Chairman Vaclav Klaus did not succeed with his idea for a super-coalition of all parties in Parliament except the Communists. The Freedom Union and the Christian Democrats did not agree with the proposal, despite Klaus for the first time specified that each of the four parties would have six members of a super-coalition government. The Freedom Union and the Christian Democrats, together half of the Four-Party Coalition (with the Civic Democratic Alliance and the Democratic Union) also did not succeed with their plan to persuade ODS to withdraw from the Opposition Contract and create a coalition with them. Prime Minister Milos Zeman, however, did promise certain changes, saying it is on the Social Democrats to reconstruct the Government with new ministers or independents. The press speculates that the two most likely victims of reconstruction will be Health Minister Ivan David and Deputy Prime Minister Jaroslav Basta. The politicians did agree on the date of next meeting at the end of November, this time at the behest of Zeman. The parties should discuss Parliament co-operation and not new government possibilities. Jakub Tronicek/Sofia Karakeva Proposed Constitutional Changes Approved by Chamber of Deputies The ruling Social Democrats and the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) managed to pass through their proposals for constitutional changes during the first reading of the amendments November 10. The Social Democrats say the future of these amendments stand on the validity of the Opposition Contract between their party and the ODS. If by February, when the amendments will have their second reading in the Chamber of Deputies, the Opposition Contract will no longer be valid, there would be no reason to change the Constitution, said Social Democrat parliamentary club Chairman Stanislav Gross. ODS says the Opposition Contract can remain valid only if the amendments are passed. The amendments would limit immunity for the president, senators, deputies and judges just to their term of office, and the possibility for the Chamber of Deputies to disband if three-fifths of deputies vote for disbanding. The amendments also would restrict the president's powers, such as it forcing the president to name members of the Czech National Bank's Banking Council, Supreme Court justices and leaders of the Supreme Control Office. The amendments would also restrict how the president can give amnesty or name a prime minister after elections. President Vaclav Havel said the proposal call into question the meaning of the presidency and could jeopardize the country's future development and its integration into the EU. In favor of the amendments were 120 deputies from the ODS and the Social Democrats, while the Christian Democrats and the Freedom Union were against. Freedom Union parliamentary club Chairman Karel Kuhnl said the novel represents the dismantling of the president's office and Christian Democrat Miroslav Vyborny said such limitations of presidential authority do not exist anywhere in the EU. The amendments will become valid if approved by the Senate, because the president cannot veto constitutional changes. If, however, the Senate rejects the amendments, the Chamber of Deputies cannot overrule it. ODS allows that during the second reading the amendments might be substantially changed. Nikoleta Alivojvodic/Sofia Karakeva Wall in Maticni Street to Come down Prime Minister Milos Zeman promised November 12 after negotiations with Romany representatives that the wall in Maticni Street will be taken down by the end of the month. Romanies agreed to stop their protests, but will renew them if the wall remains. Zeman also denied the Government would buy the houses of white Maticni residents: "The Czech Government will not be blackmailed," Zeman said. Gunter Verheugen, EU commissar for European integration, met Romany representatives during his Prague visit. He said the wall is not a racial, but a social problem, which should disappear as soon as possible. David Mirejovsky/Jakub Jirovec Chechnya Foreign Minister Visits Prague Chechnya Foreign Minister Ilyas Akhmadov visited Prague November 14. Tomas Pojar, director of the Human in Need Foundation that invited Achmadov, said the aim of the visit was to break the information blockade about the war in Chechnya. Achmadov met Antonin Murgas, head of Russian office in the Foreign Ministry, Senators Daniel Kroupa and Michael Zantovsky (both of the Civic Democratic Alliance), deputy Michal Lobkowicz (Freedom Union) and a representative of the Office of the President. The Russian Federation sent an official protest and accused the Czech Republic of supporting terrorists. The Russian embassy in Prague also warned that Russia might freeze relations. Tomas Havlin/Jakub Jirovec Arbitration Court Issues First Ruling in TV NOVA Case The International Commerce Court of Arbitration November 10 issued in Stockholm a preliminary injunction in the arbitration claim of the American company CME (Central European Media Enterprises), 99-per-cent owner of the Czech Independent Television Company CNTS (Ceska nezavisla televizni spolecnost), against Vladimir Zelezny, majority owner of TV NOVA license holder CET 21. The first arbitration ruling is in favor of CME, the NASDAQ-listed company controlled by cosmetics heir Ronald Lauder. CME financed the launch of the TV NOVA's broadcasting in 1994 and operates CNTS, which provided all services for license-holder CET 21. However, Zelezny August 5 ended cooperation with CNTS and started using the services of companies AQS and Czech Production 2000 (Ceska produkcni 2000, see Carolina 343, 348.) According to the preliminary injunction, Zelezny should restore CNTS to its prior position as the exclusive service-provider for TV NOVA. Zelezny, however, held a press conference November 11 to announce he would not respect the injunction, saying the case between him as a person and CME are not connected to CET 21. He also said that by realizing of some injunction's demands he would break Czech laws. In its quarterly report, CME said it would ask Czech courts to make CET 21 comply with the injunction, because the Czech Republic is one of the signatories of the 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Zelezny said, however, that the convention states that only final decisions, not preliminary injunctions, can be enforced. The arbitration court's final decision is expected in about six months. Observers say that Zelezny's mockery of the preliminary injunction might negatively influence the court. Michaela Kleckova/Jaroslav Sauer Agony of Health Minister David Continues Members of the ruling Social Democrats (CSSD) disagreed with Prime Minister Milos Zeman's decision to put Health Minister Ivan David's future (which almost certainly includes his exit from office) in the hands of the Chamber of Deputies. They criticized Zeman for trying to transfer his responsibility for the Government onto the Chamber of Deputies, and they asked him to resolve the problem. Their stance mirrored that of opposition deputies last week. Zeman said November 12 that he would ask the Chamber of Deputies November 30 to vote whether David should continue in office. Zeman said David should have the right to defend himself in the Chamber of Deputies. Radka Kohutova/Daniela Vrbova NEWS IN BRIEF * NATO is suffering from the victory syndrome, said Mikhail Gorbachov during his visit to Prague. He said it is dangerous that NATO doctrine now allows intervention anywhere in the world without consulting the UN. Gorbachov said neither the USA nor Russia can be ignored. The importance of Russian integration into a common defense system was also supported by Helmut Kohl. Marin Rusek/Daniela Vrbova * Former Freedom Union deputy Marie Machata joined the Czech National Social Party (CSNS) November 15. CSNS gained its first representative in Parliament's Chamber of Deputies and party Chairman Jan Sula is continuing to invite other politicians to join. Sula has refused to name his targets. Some experts have called Machata's behavior unethical, while Machata says she does not feel she betrayed Freedom Union voters; on the contrary, she talks of courage and responsibility. Petra Kovacova/Daniela Vrbova FOREIGN AFFAIRS Zeman Visits Berlin Prime Minister Milos Zeman visited Berlin November 10, where he participated in celebrations marking the 10th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Zeman also took part in a discussion of Czech, Slovak, Hungarian and Polish leaders called New European Peace Order. All the premiers agreed that their common interest is to join the European Union together and as fast as possible. While Polish Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban repeated that they want to join the EU in three or four years, Zeman said the Czech Republic stresses fulfilling EU criteria more than a timetable. Zeman also talked with German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and was present at the opening of an exhibit of the Polish Solidarita Movement. Lubos Kratochvil/Jakub Jirovec FROM SLOVAKIA Dzurinda's US Visit Seen Positively in Press "With a bit of hyperbole it is possible to say that Dzurinda experienced 36 hours of cumulative happiness," wrote Slovak daily SME as a reaction to the visit of Slovak Prime Minister in the USA November 7-8. Slovak Premier Mikulas Dzurinda, together with Czech Prime Minister Milos Zeman, observed the anniversary of the fall of communism in Eastern Europe with American President Bill Clinton at Washington's Georgetown University, where they also discussed the admission of Slovakia to NATO. "It seemed that we missed our chance for admission next to the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. But the chance arose again and it is our duty to keep it alive," said Dzurinda. The Slovak daily Pravda concentrated mainly on the economic success of Dzurinda's visit, pointing to negotiations with P.J. Wilhelm, president of U.S. Steel, who is interested in the East Slovak Iron Works in Kosice and its massive debt. An editorial in the daily SME summed up the images of the Czech Republic and Slovakia abroad into two symbols: Slovakia is characterized by the re-opened Maria-Valeria bridge between Slovakia's Sturovo and Hungary's Ostrihom, while the Czech Republic is known for the wall in Maticni Street. Slovakia's progress during the past year of Dzurinda's rule, not only in regards to minority rights, was recognized n the USA. Andrea Slovakova/Petra Kovacova FROM SLOVAKIA IN BRIEF * Foreign Minister Eduard Kukan announced November 12 that the nuclear power station in Jaslovske Bohunice should be permanently shut down sometime between 2006-2008. Austria is continuing diplomatic efforts to muster EU support for closing the power station earlier. Austrian Minister Barbara Prammer, responsible for the coordination of nuclear policy, threatened to use Austria's veto against Slovakia when the EU votes on membership negotiations. Andrea Slovakova/Petra Kovacova ECONOMY Government Passes New Budget Proposal After brief discussions, the Government passed a new budget proposal for 2000. Their proposal projects income of 588.1 billion crowns and expenses of 630 billion crowns. Although the Government did not restructure its previous budget proposal, the proposed deficit rose by 2.2 billion crowns. Finance Minister Pavel Mertlik said approval of the budget proposal is strictly a political question. As opposition parties recommended, the Government is not including 7 billion crowns of income from privatization among income in the budget. The total deficit of public finances will in fact be much larger, because the Government is not including local budgets and the budgets of certain state institutions, such as the Consolidation Bank. Jakub Trnka/Zuzana Janeckova Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank (valid November 19) -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 EUR = 36.270 country currency CZK ------------------------------------------ Australia 1 AUD 22.322 Great Britain 1 GBP 56.686 Denmark 1 DKK 4.876 Japan 100 JPY 32.971 Canada 1 CAD 23.729 IMF 1 XDR 48.023 Hungary 100 HUF 14.193 Norway 1 NOK 4.423 New Zealand 1 NZD 17.903 Poland 1 PLN 8.306 Greece 100 GRD 11.033 Slovakia 100 SKK 84.561 Slovenia 100 SIT 18.451 Sweden 1 SEK 4.197 Switzerland 1 CHF 22.645 USA 1 USD 34.875 Exchange Rates of countries participating in the euro (converted from the euro rate) country currency CZK ----------------------------------------- Germany 1 DEM 18.545 Belgium 100 BEF 89.911 Finland 1 FIM 6.100 France 1 FRF 5.529 Ireland 1 IEP 46.053 Italy 1000 ITL 18.732 Luxemburg 100 LUF 89.911 Netherlands 1 NLG 16.459 Portugal 100 PTE 18.091 Austria 1 ATS 2.636 Spain 100 ESP 21.799 CULTURE Vlasta Burian Elected King of Comics In a Czech Television poll, Vlasta Burian was voted the Czech comic of the century. Results of the poll 1. Vlasta Burian 7. Jaroslav Marvan 2. Vladimir Mensik 8. Oldrich Novy 3. Jirina Bohdalova 9. Jindrich Plachta 4. Iva Janzurova 10. Miroslav Donutil 5. Jan Werich 11. Milos Kopecky 6. Jiri Sovak 12. Hugo Haas Ten Years Exhibit Shows Newest Chapter of Czech History Thirteen photographers of the Mafa photo agency created the exhibit Ten Years in Prague's Carolinum to recall the past 10 years. The oldest black-and-white pictures show the atmosphere during the changes of 1989. The photographs than follow the evolution of Czech democracy till today. A few pictures also touch on contemporary wars in Europe. The exhibit will last until January 5. Simon Dominik/Zuzana Janeckova SPORTS Hockey: Czech Team Finishes Third in Karelian Cup The Karelian Cup remains the last tournament of the European Hockey Tour that the Czech Republic has not managed to win. This year the Czechs finished third in Finland - like they did last season. They played the first game against Finland and managed to score after 40 minutes, when they were losing 0-3. Dopita's goal later reduced the deficit to one goal, but the win was Finland's in the end. Also in the second match the Czechs waited for their first goal till half the game was gone, but then - after adding three other goals - they defeated Sweden 4-1. The last game against Russia wound up as the Czechs' second loss. The deciding goal for the 2-1 final score was scored one second before the end of the second period. Finland won the tournament, ahead of Russia and the Czech Republic. Three players made their Czech national team debuts in the tournament: Martin Hamrlik from Zlin, Vaclav Pletka from Trinec and Jiri Hanzlik from Plzen. Darina Johanidesova/Mirek Langer Results of the Czech team: Finland - Czech Republic 3-2 (Cajanek, Dopita), Czech Republic - Sweden 4-1 (Martinek, Dopita, Spanhel, Reichel), Czech Republic - Russia 1-3 (Cajanek). Standings of the Euro Hockey Tour after two tournaments: 1. Finland 9, 2. Czech Republic 8, 3. Russia 5, 4. Sweden 2. Soccer: Koller Saves Czech Team in Holland The Czech national team's soccer players finished their outstanding season, in which they lost only one game, with a friendly match in the Netherlands. The 1-1 tie confirmed that the Czechs' win in the Euro qualification group was not a fluke. The Czech team accentuated defense in preparing for the strong Dutch offense led by players from Barcelona, so both teams had few chances in the first half. In the 59th minute Ronald De Boer centered and Jap Stam scored. Jan Koller had a chance to tie one minute later, but goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar cought his header. In the 68th minute Karel Poborsky passed to Koller, who scored. The Dutchmen pressured the Czech defense in the last minutes of the game, but they failed to score. Dita Kristanova/Mirek Langer SPORTS IN BRIEF * The Czech under-21 soccer team advanced to the European Championships after a 0-1 loss in Greece. In the first game, the Czech team won 3-0. * Cyclocrosser Radomir Simunek, four-time world champion, was declared the Czech cyclist of the century. He defeated Olympic champion Jiri Daler and Tour de la Paix winner Jan Vesely. Surprisingly, brothers Jindrich and Jan Pospisil, 20-time world champions in cycleball, were not included in the poll. "It was only about race cycling," said Robert Bakalar, editor-in-chief of Peloton magazine, which organized the poll. * Radka Hanakova and David Huf won the aerobics World Championships in Helsinki. * The Vsetin hockey team lost in its fifth game in the European Hockey League. After a 1-6 loss in Bratislava they are in last place of their group with one point. * Preplayed games of the hockey extraleague: Sparta Praha - Karlovy Vary 4-1, Plzen - Trinec 6-2. Martin Moravec/Mirek Langer WEATHER The final farewell to autumn laughter and the beginning of winter's grim faces - that was the week that was. One's breath is becoming visible, white frost covers parked cars in the morning. Good shoes, warm clothing and an elegant scarf are the people's best friends in the Czech Republic now, thanks to low temperatures. The bearable 5 degrees Celsius/41 degrees Fahrenheit from the beginning of the week are part of the irreversible past, now the mercury is sitting at minus 5 degrees Celsius/23 degrees Fahrenheit in the morning. God bless our electric and gas heaters, as well as all our fireplaces, bonfires and burning trashbins. David Luksu/Milan Smid English version edited by Michael Bluhm xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ADVERTISEMENT Central Europe Review (http://www.ce-review.org) is the weekly Internet journal of Central and East European politics, society and culture, with plenty of news and analysis from the Czech Republic every week. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ----------------------------------------------------------------------- This news may be published only with attribution to CAROLINA. Subscription is free. Comments and remarks are appreciated. 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