CCCCC AA RRRRR OOOO LL II NN N AA CC AA A RR R OO O LL II NNN N AA A CC AA A RRRRR OO O LL II NN N N AA A CC AAAAAA RR R OO O LL II NN NN AAAAAA CCCCC AA A RR R OOOO LLLLLL II NN N AA A STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM CZECH REPUBLIC Faculty of Social Science of Charles University Smetanovo nabr. 6 110 01 Prague 1 Czech Republic e-mail: CAROLINA@cuni.cz tel: (+42 2) 24810804, ext. 252, fax: (+42 2) 24810987 *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* C A R O L I N A No 223, Friday, November 15, 1996. FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (November 6-13) Secret Service Head Resigns Stanislav Devaty resigned from his four-year position as interim director of the Security Intelligence Service (BIS) November 11. The government accepted his resignation November 13, and awarded Jaroslav Jiru the position. Jiru had been working with BIS as the Director of Security Units. Devaty's resignation followed the decision of the Parliamentary Committee for BIS Activities to formally consult Attorney General Bohumira Kopecna on the fact that BIS is breaking the law, and also the November 8 announcement by government Vice-Chairman and Chairman of the Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak Peoples' Party (KDU-CSL) Josef Lux, that he had been placed under surveillance by a civilian counter-intelligence group. Lux said on Czech Television's November 10 Debate program that "in light of this situation, nobody can exclude the possibility that for example, someone may be shadowing the head of Parliament, the president or the prime minister." He says that the key issue in the BIS case is not that it should not be possible for a government official to be followed, but rather that the whole thing can be hidden from any controlling organ. When Vice-Prime Minister and Chairman of the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) Jan Kalvoda publicly accused BIS of placing politicians under surveillance last year, and of tampering with documents inspected by a select committee of government ministers and then by Parliament. When the issue of Lux's shadowing was presented, nothing was amiss with the recorded dates. BIS presented records documenting trailing Lux in 1993 and 1994 in connection with Antonin Moravec, a former member of KDU-CSL and Lux's advisor concerning the privatization of the Ralsko military base (Moravec is also well-known as an allegedly fraudulent banker). The parliamentary Committee for BIS Activity obtained the original list, and agreed with Civic Democratic Party (ODS) deputies on suspicions that it may be breaking the law. Social Democrat Jaroslav Basta heads the committee. Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus returned early from a trip abroad and, surprising many, took part in the Debate program, and opposed all charges, supporting BIS and Devaty. After Devaty's resignation, Klaus told him that he had full confidence in him. In the November 12 edition of daily MF DNES, the prime minister blamed both smaller coalition parties and the Social Democratic opposition for forcing Devaty to resign due to their own pre-election interests. One of BIS's three deputy directors, Sylva Sauerova, accused Devaty November 10 of systematically breaking the law. Jiri Fremuth, Batyrbek Gaparov and Lida Truneckova/Andrea Snyder Politicians Respond to BIS Chief's Resignation President Vaclav Havel called Stanislav Devaty's resignation a sensible step in light of the current situation. Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus repeated that Devaty had not committed a crime, saying that he did not and does not agree with accusations against the former BIS head. "I believe Mr. Devaty when he says that he never arranged surveillance of this country's government officials and that under his leadership, BIS was never the instrument of any political party." Chairman of KDU-CSL, Vice-Chairman of the government and Minister of Agriculture Josef Lux announced that Devaty's resignation was not his objective. He expressed satisfaction that the BIS personnel changes he had discussed with the prime minister November 8 had come about. ODA Chairman, Vice-Chairman of the government and Justice Minister Jan Kalvoda was not surprised by Devaty's decision. Concerning the newest published information, Kalvoda said, "I think that a complete, consistent and quick investigation of BIS activities is more important, though." Chairman of Parliament and Social Democrat leader Milos Zeman said, "I hope that with his resignation, the BIS will no longer be used for narrow party purposes, and that this service will continue to be led by a competent professional." Minister without Portfolio and and Chairman of the government Council for Media Activity Pavel Bratinka (ODA) said Devaty's resignation will make it simpler to name a permanent BIS director, and that tension within the organization will now markedly decrease. Interior Minister Jan Ruml (ODS) was also quoted on Devaty's resignation as saying, "unfortunately, a decent person has left under these circumstances ... I am honestly sorry that Mr. Devaty could find himself in this situation at all. I continue to respect him." Denisa Vitkova/Andrea Snyder Who is Stanislav Devaty? Stanislav Devaty was born June 8, 1952 in Zlin. He is divorced, and has a 21-year old daughter living in America. He graduated from the Electro-technological High School of Industry as an electrician. He was known in the 1980's as one of the country's foremost dissidents. He signed Charter 77, and was later their spokesman and a member of the Committee for the Protection of the Unjustly Persecuted. He participated in anti-communist demonstrations and was placed under surveillance in the late 1980's as a result of his dissident activities. In 1989, he was repeatedly jailed, where he fasted. He then escaped to Poland, and returned to his homeland December 10, 1989. Following the Velvet Revolution he was a deputy in the Federal Assembly and a member of the parliamentary Committee for Investigation of Activities of November 17, 1989. He renounced his ODA membership when he was named interim director of the Security Intelligence Service December 19, 1992. He graduated last year from Charles University's Faculty of Law, after successfully defending his thesis on legal issues pertaining to the protection of personal interests. Lucie Vackova/Andrea Snyder President Criticizes Social Democrats and ODS President Vaclav Havel called the words of the chairman of Parliament and the Czech Social Democrat Party (CSSD) Milos Zeman irresponsible. Zeman was quoted in the November 9 edition of Pravo saying that for some time, CSSD had been unofficially informed that in cooperation with the Ministry of the Interior, BIS had created an operative unit to monitor, and eventually discredit, first certain members of the opposition, then all members of the opposition, thirdly coalition party members, and, finally, even certain members of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). The president commented on the quote after nearly an hour-long discussion with Interior Minister Jan Ruml of ODS, who had requested the meeting. "As chairman of Parliament, he should know that it is neccesary to proceed down legal paths. He should have informed either the parliamentary Committee for Defense and Security, or the BIS committee." In an address to ODS, Havel said it was unfortunate that the ODS Executive Council publicly demonstrated support of Devaty. The council supported the interim director in response to information that the Civic Democratic Alliance and the Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak Peoples' Party will demand a change in BIS personel leadership. Zeman reacted to the criticism by saying that he will provide proof at his meeting with the president next week. However, Minister Ruml has said he is sure that no such documents exist and that it is possible that ODS will demand a vote to recall Zeman. CSSD plans to call for resignation of the Minister of the Interior. Vit Bartek and Lida Truneckova/Andrea Snyder Future Senators for Punishment of Child Offenders More than half of Senate candidates professed support for reducing the age limit for criminal responsibility, according to research conducted by daily MF DNES. Elections to the first Czech Senate will take place November 15-6, with a runoff round, if necessary, scheduled for November 22-3. A majority agree to trying 14-year-olds as adults, some candidates even spoke about trying 13- and 12-year-olds. Three hundred out of 573 candidates represent the above majority, 240 were against and 33 expressed no opinion. The idea of punishing children younger than 15 relates to the increase in crimes committed by youngsters. Many children and children's gangs, which some speculate number 40 in Prague, are exploited by adults because of their status before the law. This is the reason why many candidates polled rather support strict punishment for parents. The question of trying children is not engaging only future senators. Punitive responsibility for children is supported by police and Justice Minister Jan Kalvoda, who said his ministry is ready to put forward a proposal to reduce the age limit for punitive responsibility by one year (see Carolina 219). A majority of judges do not believe in the positive effect of the proposal and instead support the idea of a new system of punishment and reform. Jana Wiesnerova/Zuzana Kawaciukova New Secretary of Anti-Drug Commission Temporarily Removed After 3 Weeks On November 7 Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus temporarily removed the General Secretary of the interdepartmental Anti-Drug Commission Zdenek Poslusny (appointed in mid-October). The prime minister took the step following the Anti-Doping Committee's allegation that in the 1980s Poslusny participated in doping in high-performance sport (see Carolina 221). Subsequently a complaint was made by former colleagues at Palacky University in Olomouc that, while an instructor there, Poslusny embezzled students' funds. Poslusny emphatically denied the Anti-Doping Committee's allegation, but so far has not taken legal action on the matter. Concerning the university allegation, he said, "you won't get any comment on that because it was more than 20 years ago" (daily Lidove noviny, November 7). Dean of the Faculty of Physical Education Bretislav Hodan stated in daily MF DNES that it is not possible to prove the fraud, but nevertheless the finance officer at the time decided that such a person could not remain at the university. (The matter concerned money for a ski camp.) The government is looking into the Poslusny case. Until the investigation is complete, the Anti-Drug Commission will be lead by Ludek Vychodil, the prime minister's chief-of-staff, who had recommended Poslusny to Klaus. Michal Schindler/Zuzana Kawaciukova,Andy Faust Vladimir Budinsky President of Antibureaucracy Committee Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus appointed a permanent labor committee which should simplify bureaucracy and make the communication of the public and businessmen with government offices easier. Klaus named the former Minister for Transportation Vladimir Budinsky (Civic Democratic Party, of which Klaus is chairman) to head the committee. The comittee will have two vice-chairmen and will be divided into two parts with six subcommittees. "One of the vice-chairmen will be the leader of the civil section and the other will deal with the business section. One part will focus on the principal questions about public offices and citizens, the other on business affairs," Klaus said. As Budinsky said, the committee will not become the office of offices and its activity will not need financing from the state budget. "We will have one secretary and the existence of the committee doesn't mean the validation of the Parkinson's laws (which dictate the ceaseless growth of bureaucracy)," Budinsky said. The appointing of the committee was sharply criticized by the opposition Social Democrats. "The committee seems to me absolutely useless, it is only an irresponsible and populist act made a short time before the Senate election," said Social Democrat leader Milos Zeman. Zdenek Janda/Magda Vanova Stanislav Belehradek in New Office The former Minister of Economic Competition Stanislav Belehradek was named head of the newly created Office for Protection of Economic Competition. He expects from his post more effective work combatting illegal business practices. He also wants to change the structure of the office, which previously had a lack of lawyers and thusly often mishandled the legal aspects of cases. Belehradek (Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party) resigned from Parliament . Pavel Novak/Magda Vanova Universities Elect Rectors On November 1 Dr. Karel Maly was re-elected rector of Charles University in an uncontested election. Of the 61 ballots cast by members of the Academic Senate, Maly received 53, 4 were against, and 4 votes were invalid. Maly, who will be serving his second term as rector, is a graduate of Charles University's Law School, where he was granted the title of Full Professor of Legal History in 1990. Among other activities, he directs the Institute of Legal History and is head of the Czech Commission for Scientific Degrees. In 1990 he founded the Universities Council and until 1993 was its head. Elections for rector are also taking place at other Prague universities. During November, rectors will be elected at the Czech Technical University, the Academy of Fine Arts and the Czech Agricultural University. The 1990 Universities Law sets the length of the rector's term at three years and stipulates that a rector cannot serve more than two terms successively. Changes have been called for in the law, which also prescribes the method of election, requirements for candidacy, the number of members of the Academic Senate and its ratio of students to instructors. Libuse Kolouchova/Andy Faust Media '96 Expo in Prague From November 6-8 the fourth annual Media '96 professional trade fair took place in Prague's Congress Center. Most publishers and radio and television broadcasters took advantage of the opportunity to present their services. Unlike Czech Television and Premiera, TV NOVA, the most-watched TV network in the country, did not participate. Expo organizer Zdenek Sobota indicated, however, that next year NOVA as well would have its own display. As in Parliament, the question of TV advertising was also debated at the trade fair. The controversy concerns whether public broadcasting should be allowed to include advertising at all. Parliament's Media Commission is leaning towards the view that Czech Television should not have to reduce the amount of advertising in its broadcasting time (currently 1 per cent daily). The Union of Daily Press Publishers announced a contest for the best advertisement - the "Golden Printing Block." Nominated print advertisements will be evaluated every three months, with the first award being presented at the latest in March. Roman Jedlicka/Andy Faust FOREIGN RELATIONS Highest Czech Representatives Congratulate Bill Clinton Top Czech representatives expressed their satisfaction with Bill Clinton's becoming the President of the U.S.A. again. President Vaclav Havel and Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus sent congratulatory telegrams to the re-elected Clinton; also the Chairman of Parliament and leader of the opposition Social Democrats Milos Zeman is pleased with the old-new president. For Czech statesmen, Clinton means foremost a guarantee of stability and continuance of the foreign policy course taken by the United States towards central Europe. Ondra Provaznik/Denisa Vitkova FROM SLOVAKIA Daily SME Sentenced to 7.5-Million-Crown Penalty The opposition daily SME has to pay a penalty of 7.5 million crowns to 18 Slovak government members who felt insulted by editor Peter Toth's statement at the funeral of Robert Remias. Toth said, "these are the first victims of the cold war the government is waging against the citizens of Slovakia." The verdict was announced by the District Court in Banska Bystrica November 6. It is interesting that the trial took place in Banska Bystrica, where only one of the government members, Minister of Justice Jozef Liscak, has his permanent address. At the beginning of January, Liscak recalled the chairman of the District and County Courts in Banska Bystrica. The publisher of the daily SME has appealed because of alleged court bias. The appeal trial will take place at the Regional Court in Kosice. The Czech Daily Press Publishers Union called for solidarity with the SME publishers, the November 12 edition of Lidove noviny reported. According to the Daily Press Publishers Union statement, the daily only performed its reporting duty, for which it should not be persecuted. Jan Potucek/Denisa Vitkova University Students Demonstrate for Academic Freedom On November 7, close to the government building in Bratislava, more than 3,000 university students protested against splitting P.J. Safarik University in Kosice into two separate schools. The separation should take place as part of the university law which comes into effect January 1. The university's Academic Senate did not have a chance to comment on the proposal, and it could only inactively observe coalition members' negotiations, led by Minister of Education Eva Slavkovska. The students were supported by President Michal Kovac, who returned the law to the National Assembly. On November 16, the students are again to meet at the former Peace Square, in front of the Presidential residence. Major demonstrations are expected also on November 17, International Student Day, according to a report in the November 8 edition of the daily SME. Jan Potucek/Denisa Vitkova ECONOMY Trend Investment Fund under Forced Administration The Trend VIF investment fund was placed under forced administration November 7, the first such fund case in the Czech Republic. According to Ministry of Finance spokeswoman Ludmila Nutilova, this step was caused by the damaging effect mamnagement had on the fund's property. The fund, which participated in both rounds of voucher privatization and had share capital of 1.3 billion crowns, was established by musician-politician Michael Kocab and musician-entrepreneur Martin Kratochvil. They then sold management of the fund to the Kralovehradecka brokerage company. According to Trend Shareholders Association representative Petr Streitberg, the quality stocks, such as SPT Telecom, Sokolovska uhelna and Kotva, gradually disappeared from the fund's portfolio. But the sale prices were evidently disadvantageous, because of which the value of the fund's assets dropped by more than 50 per cent in the first half of 1996. According to former Trend Chairman of the Board Miroslav Halek, the freezing of the fund's account the Securities Registry, enacted by the ministry's oversight department, was illegal and prevented the fund from realizing income exceeding 500 million crowns. The freezing of the account and the lack of transparency of new fund majority owner Bank of Bermuda resulted in former board members' resignation, according to Halek. The Bank of Bermuda acts as custodian for the shares' owner, the Czech Value Fund, which was founded and is managed by Regent Kingpin. The Czech public is still unsure who is responsible for the fund's mismanagement. All those involved refuse to release specific information on the status of the fund. Even forced administrator Emil Busek has not yet acquired any information. The ministry's spokeswoman also said the ministry is investigating other investment funds and it is possible that the forced administration of Trend VIF might be not the last such case. Michaela Klevisova/Katerina Zachovalova MARKETS AND COMPANIES * The PX 50 Stock Exchange index continued its long-term decline, breaking the psychological barrier of 500 points November 8. November 13 the PX 50 index ended at 488.2 points. Brokers are skeptical as to any possible reversal of this trend, many of them do not believe the post-election period will save the Stock Exchange. Among the rare exceptions which surprised investors last week by not sliding, are shares of Setuza and the unpredictable Vertex. * The Czech Republic has retained its top spot in the world as to the percentage of shareholders per capita. Fifty-seven of 100 Czech inhabitants own shares. * Bayerische Landesbank (BL), chaired by Franz Neubauer, controversial head of the Sudenten Germans, is in the middle of intensive negotiations to purchase the ailing Interbank from its Hungarian owner. In the background of these talks is BL's visible effort to remove obstacles for gaining a banking license in the Czech Republic. BL is known as one of the most eager would-be owners of big Czech banking insitutes like the Czech Savings Bank (Ceska sporitelna), where BL has established the joint venture Czech Building Savings Bank (Ceska stavebni sporitelna). * The Savings Bank Privatization General Investment Fund (Sporitelni privatizacni-vseobecny investicni fond), one of the biggest investment funds involved in voucher privatization, ended its 3rd quarter 1996 balance with losses exceeding 1 billion crowns. * Skoda Plzen goes on with its conquest of world markets. After winning the tender to supply 61 trolley-buses for the American city of Dayton, another excellent order is on the horizon, this time for 230 vehicles for San Francisco. The Skoda offer, which has progressed into the final round where only one other competitor (the Italian company Breda) is left, has the big advantage that they co-founded a factory designed to produce their trolley-buses in America, in the state of Maryland. According to some sources, the mayors of other American towns are also interested. The result of the tender will be announced in January. * Lubomir Soudek, president of the above-mentioned Skoda company, who is obviously not satisfied with the North American markets, decided to go stake his claim in Brazil. The offer to build a car factory for the production of Liaz and Tatra trucks (both trade marks belongs to the family of the Skoda Pilsen Holding) is one of the fruits which ripened from negotiations with the Brazilian government. The production capacity of the factory should reach 5,000 vehicles in the year 2000. The Brazilian army has also revealed interest in the reliable Tatra cars. The construction of a factory for producing Czech trolley-buses has also been debated. * Viktor Kozeny, well-known investor and founder of the Harvard funds whose promotional campaign is considered to have initiated public interest in Czech voucher privatization in 1992, and who made an alliance with the Stratton Investment Group to aquire ownership shares in strategic Czech companies last year, is retreating from the Czech market again. After leaving positions in Spolana Neratovice and Fatra Napajedla to the insatiable Chemapol Group, he sold also 40 per cent of Prague Gas Works (Prazska teplarenska) to the Opatovice Power Station (Elektrarny Opatovice). Martin Cermak/Milan Smid Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank (valid from November 15) country currency ------------------------------------------ Australia 1 AUD 21.169 Belgium 100 BEF 86.204 Great Britain 1 GBP 44.395 Denmark 1 DKK 4.623 Finland 1 FIM 5.915 France 1 FRF 5.248 Ireland 1 IEP 44.387 Italy 1000 ITL 17.682 Japan 100 JPY 23.577 Canada 1 CAD 20.089 Luxemburg 100 LUF 86.204 Netherlands 1 NLG 15.843 Norway 1 NOK 4.231 New Zealand 1 NZD 19.104 Portugal 100 PTE 17.529 Austria 1 ATS 2.524 Greece 100 GRD 11.279 Slovakia 100 SKK 86.387 Germany 1 DEM 17.762 Spain 100 ESP 21.095 Sweden 1 SEK 4.058 Switzerland 1 CHF 21.149 USA 1 USD 26.853 ECU 1 XEU 34.083 SDR 1 XDR 38.877 CULTURE Slovak Film Retrospective in Prague The second retrospective show of Slovak films is being shown to Prague in the Congress Hall of the Palace of Culture from November 11-7. The 14 films include films representing the best of Slovak production from 1967 to the present day. The show started with Tenderness (Neha) and Everything I Like (Vsetko, co mam rad), two films directed by Martin Sulik, who was awarded The Czech Lion Prize for 1995 for the film he co-produced, The Garden. The end of the show focuses on director Juraj Jakubisko, one of the most successful Slovak directors in last decades. Also, an exclusive first run of Eduard Grecner's Jaskov's Dream (Jaskov sen) was screened during the show. Michal Schindler/Jan Majer New Musical Written by Popular Rock Musician After successful musicals Jesus Christ Superstar, Dracula and Les Miserables, Prague has another musical predestined for success. Czech rock star Daniel Landa wrote both the music and libretto based on the legend of the Pied Piper Of Hamelin (Krysar). Landa calls it a "dirty musical," signifying its difference from other musicals, which are mostly spectacular and expensive. The musical had its premiere at Ta Fantastika Theater November 7. Landa, in the past lead singer of a skinhead band, plays the leading role, along with the participation of other popular rock singers (Lucie Bila, Petr Janda). The soundtrack is available on CD and cassette, and tickets to the performance cost from 190 crowns to 420 crowns. The new musical, directed by its author and his wife Mirjam, is considered a racy but striking work of art. Martin Hradecky/Jan Majer Bozena Spravcova Receives Jiri Orten Award The Jiri Orten Award, given to the authors younger than 30, was won by 27-year-old female poet Bozena Spravcova for her composition Excuse (Vymluva). The board chose from 14 works. The award was founded non-officially in 1986, and is now organized on behalf of the city of Prague, Mlada fronta Publishing House and the Collegium for Independent Science, Art and Education Support. Among former award winners are Zuzana Brabcova, Tereza Bouckova, Vit Kremlicka, Michal Viewegh and Petr Borkovec. Spravcova, who debuted with the poetry collection Goulash from the Blue Cow (Gulas z modry kravy), is the first poet to win. Martin Hradecky/Katerina Zachovalova New Film Debuts about Gypsies The debut film of Czech director Petr Vaclav had its domestic premiere November 13. The film, Marian, tells the story of a gypsy boy named Marian, who grows up in a reform school and then spends time in jail, just the logical course of his destiny. There are almost no celebrities in the film, and the roles of gypsies are played - in the name of realism - by amateurs. Milan Cifra, who plays the adult Marian, was released from prison only for the making of the film. The work of art director Ester Krumbachova is also remarkable. The film simply reflects the situation of gypsies in the Czech Republic, it solves nothing and doesn't moralize. Czech critics appreciate Vaclav's debut and it has had success abroad too - Marian was awarded the Silver Leopard Prize and Fipresci Prize at the Locarno Film Festival. Martin Hradecky/Jan Majer SPORT Czech Republic Loses Soccer World Cup Qualification Match The Czech representation played its third World Cup qualification match in Belgrade and lost to Yugoslavia 0-1. The Yugoslavs scored in the 15th minute, thanks to Predrag Mijatovic, who was much faster than the Czech defense. Czech Pavel Kuka did not score in two good goal chances at the first half's end. After the break, Yugoslavia could have scored several more times, but Czech goalie Pavel Srnicek was always ready. Nor did any goals come from good Czech pressure at the end. The Czech Republic now has four points, after a win over Malta and a tie with Spain, and is third behind Yugoslavia and Slovakia. The Czech Republic will play the return match with Yugoslavia April 2. Roman Jedlicka/Petra Sevcikova,Mirek Langer Czech Hockey Players Last in Finland The Karjala Cup, played between November 7-10, enlarged the Czech hockey team's unpleasant streak to six matches without a win. The Czechs played against Sweden November 7 and lost 1-3 after some brave but not too smart play. Nineteen seconds to the end of November 9's match, the Czechs led Finland 3-2, but the opponent scored during a power-play. Goalkeeper Prusek from Vitkovice made a very good representation debut, though. The very demanding November 10 match against Russia finished 1-3, with many lost chances. Final standings: 1. Finland, 2. Sweden, 3. Russia, 4. Czech Republic. Pavel Novak/Petra Sevcikova/Mirek Langer WEATHER While last year it was already snowing this time, this fall seems to improve the whole year's weather balance. At the end of the last week we got a hard rain, but the weekend itself begged for a stroll outside. The temperature ranges between 12 degrees to 16 degrees Celsius/54 degrees to 62 degrees Fahrenheit. Although the sun's rays make us think it is warm outside, there is the always unpredictable, cold air. The top of the mountains are already white with snow. Bohdana Rambouskova/Petra Sevcikova English version edited by Michael Bluhm xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ANNOUNCING: The International Study Program of the Faculty of Social Sciences. Beginning in February 1997, a one-semester English-language program will be offered twice a year in Central and Eastern European Studies, with a selection of courses in modern history and recent political and economic developments in the region. Some courses are also available in German. For further information contact Cyril Simsa at: E-mail-- svoz@mbox.fsv.cuni.cz Phone-- 42/2/2481 0804 Fax-- 42/2/2481 0987 When e-mailing, please include a regular mailing address so an information packet can be sent without delay. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ----------------------------------------------------------------------- This news may be published only with "CAROLINA" designation. The subscription is free. Comments and remarks are appreciated. 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